Red Cards

The BBC tells us in its report on the match on Friday 30th June 2006 between Germany and Argentina that:

The dismissal of unused Argentine substitute Leandro Cufre in the scuffle that directly followed the penalty shoot-out, made him a record 10th Argentine to be sent off in a World Cup match. Just like predecessor Claudio Caniggia, Cufre was red carded whilst not even formally on the pitch.

Does anyone know what the rules say about when red cards may be given: it seems that they may be given after the game has finished, but when is the cut-off point? And who may be given them if unused substitutes may be given them too? All and only members of the squad?

On a separate front: I have heard that my former headmaster, John Gwilliam, was the first (and last?) rugby captain to send off one of his own players. Can anybody confirm this?

According to this site one is not allowed in football to send off one of one's own players. But this site says, by contrast, that:

If the captain of a team decides to send off one of his own players (because that player refused to obey his captain's instruction) the Referee has no power to interfere with the captain's decision.

Another recent football record was the record number of red cards handed out in Holland v. Portugal on Sunday 25th June. The total number of bookings equalled the record for the World Cup.